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Content Type: Interactive Tutorial

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Consumer Economics - Interactive Tutorial

1. Demand Tutorial

This tutorial introduces the concept of demand. [Details...]

2. Edgeworth Box application

An interactive application that allows the user to enter and change the parameters used in an Edgeworth box display. Note that this application requires Java to be installed on your computer. [Details...]

3. Consumption

The consumption function explains how consumption expenditures depend upon the level of income. A linear specification of the consumption function is demonstrated here and, there are two parameters that may be selected to examine how the function is affected. [Details...]

4. Economics General - Markets

Listing of topics on demand, supply, prices, and markets, with available resources ranging from tutorials, articles, and case studies, to worksheets and sample problems. [Details...]

5. Utility, Substitution and Demand

This short interactive essay explains how demand curves and maximization of expected utility are related by deriving a demand curve from assumptions about an individual's utility. [Details...]

6. Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply model

Interactive tutorial on Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply [Details...]

7. Perils of the Internal Rate of Return

Tutorial on the problems on the internal rate of return [Details...]

8. Elasticity -- A Quantitative Approach

The first elasticity tutorial took a qualitative approach to elasticity. The idea conveyed was Elasticity = Responsiveness The elasticity of Q with respect to P is the responsiveness of Q to changes in P. Elasticity has a quantitative meaning, a specific way of measuring responsiveness. Suppose P changes, and Q changes as a result. The elasticity of Q with respect to P is the relative change in Q divided by the corresponding relative change in P. [Details...]

9. Elasticity

Elasticity is a measure of responsiveness. It tells how much one thing changes when you change something else that affects it. For example, the elasticity of demand tells us how much the quantity demanded changes when the price changes. The elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in the price charged. The following discussion mostly uses the elasticity of demand for its examples. The elasticity concept can be used for other things, too, like supply or income. [Details...]

10. Model of Consumer Behavior: Law of Demand

Consumer behavior using Income constrained utility maximization provides a specification for the consumers objective function. The resulting quantities of two available goods that are selected using this algorithm maximize satisfaction given income. Using this model of consumer behavior shows that the resulting maximizing quantities of a good that correspond to different prices are those that demonstrate the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. Studens are expected to understand the following aspects of the graphical depiction of the law of demand using income constrained utility maximization: the effect of changing a product price on the income restraint; the consequences of changes in the product prices on the utility maximizing quantity of the product; how to derive the Law of Demand using a set of product prices and the model of consumer behavior (income constrained utility maximization). [Details...]

11. Model of Consumer Behavior: Constrained Optimization

The purpose of this Module on Consumer Behavior is to explain income constrained utility maximization. A graphical solution to the optimization process is offered to illustrate the consumers selection of consumption quantities of two available goods given a budget constraint during a fixed time period. The income constrained utility maximizing quantities of the goods are gotten assuming prices and income are predetermined and consumption is subject to satiation. Students are expected to understand graphical depictions of pivotal aspects of the optimization process: indifference curves; the income constraint and; the optimization condition using the slopes of the curve and constraint. [Details...]

12. Effects of Elasticity on the Responsiveness of Revenue to Price Changes Along Linear Demand Functions

The student is expected to understand the following aspects of the relationship between elasticity and revenue, given price changes on a linear demand schedule: revenue changes in response to price changes depend upon elasticity; elasticity changes along a linear demand function ; when elasticity is greater than one (elastic), price changes and revenue changes are inverse; when elasticity is less than one (inelastic), price changes and revenue changes are direct; the slope and intercept on a linear demand function affect elasticity at a given level of quantity demanded [Details...]

13. Changes in price elasticity

Interactive tutorial on how changes in prices change the revenue. [Details...]

14. Market walkthrough

An interactive discussion on market demand and market supply, notions of market surplus and market deficit. [Details...]

15. Elasticity

Discussion and interactive tutorials on the concept of elasticity. [Details...]

16. Tutorial on Optimising Behavior

Interactive tutorial on consumer optimisation [Details...]

17. Tutorial on Demand Theory

This contains interactive tutorials explaining the basics of consumer demand. [Details...]

18. Tutorial:Consumer Surplus

Discussion and interactive tutorial on the notion of Consumer Surplus [Details...]

Distribution: Income, Wealth, Other - Interactive Tutorial

19. Credibility of Economic Policy

This Learning Module will introduce you to the issue of economic policy credibility. Using a simple formal model, you can see how differences in public beliefs can cause the same policy action to produce different outcomes. For an analytical framework to evaluate public beliefs, examine six concepts relating to the credibility of economic policy. For real world experience, there are case summaries for you to consider. [Details...]

Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - Interactive Tutorial

20. Economics General - Development economics

Tutorials, worsksheets, presentations, and other resources dealing with topics in development economics. [Details...]

21. Economics General - Economic growth

Tutorials, worksheets, presentations, etc, dealing with various topics in growth and development. [Details...]

22. Economics General - Market failure

Extensive resources, from tutorials, to case studies, to worksheets, dealing with market failure, especially from a development perspective. [Details...]

Financial Economics - Interactive Tutorial

23. The Internal Rate of Return

This tutorial allows you to input data in order to discover how to calculate the internal rate of return. [Details...]

Game Theory - Interactive Tutorial

24. Random Sequences

Game theory presents the concept of mixed strategies as a method to determine random action choices. This applet tests whether user-submitted sequences are random. [Details...]

25. Lessons from the Prisoner's Dilemma

This tutorial has been created to allow people to play the game against a variety of computer opponents, and to demonstrate the educational potential of simple interactive Web pages in Javascript. [Details...]

26. Random Sequence Applet

[Details...]

27. Prisoner's Dilemma Tournament

This interactive game allows you choose the strategies you want to include in each round as well as the length of play. The results will then be shown in the window. [Details...]

28. Prisoner's Dilemma: a spatial variation

The spatial variant of the iterated prisoner's dilemma is a simple yet powerful model for the problem of cooperation versus conflict in groups. The applet here demonstrates the spread of 'altruism' and 'exploitation for personal gain' in an interacting population of individuals learning from each other by experience. [Details...]

29. Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma Applet

You play the Prisoner's Dilemma game against five different personalities. You will play each opponent for 25 rounds. A summary screen will appear at the end. [Details...]

30. Prisoner's Dilemma

This interactive game allows you to play against a computer and create different outcomes. [Details...]

31. Game Theory Simulation

Here is a little on-line Javascript utility for game theory (up to five strategies for the row and column player). It is also designed to play against you (using the optimal mixed strategy most of the time...) Notes: This will only work on Netscape or Internet Explorer, version 3 or later. You need only enter the non-zero payoffs. The software will set the others to zero. To play against the computer, enter the payoffs, press "Play" and click on row strategies. (The computer does not know your move...) [Details...]

General Equilibrium - Interactive Tutorial

32. Completing Markets: Options and Long-Lived Securities

Options are one of the more interesting securities to which arbitrage reasoning can be applied. (European) options, recall, are assets who derive their value from an underlying security, thus they have a return structure ro = [max(0, r1 - c), max(0, r2 - c), .., max(0, rS-c)] where r1, r2, .., rS are the returns on the underlying security and c is the "strike" price. The strike price is the asset price at which the owner of the option is entitled to buy (if a call option) or sell (if a put option) a unit of an underlying security if he decides to "exercise" it. One of the more interesting results, as stressed by Stephen Ross (1976), is that we can use options to "complete" incomplete markets: specifically, we can construct options to span a space when there are an insufficient number of fundamental assets. [Details...]

Industrial Organization - Interactive Tutorial

33. Monopoly Price and Output

This tutorial shows how, in theory, a business firm that monopolizes its industry finds the price and output rate that maximize profit. [Details...]

Information and Uncertainty - Interactive Tutorial

34. Risk

Ineractive tutorial on the concept of risk [Details...]

35. Risk Aversion

The interactive tutorial on risk calculated the expected values of some games and securities. It made a connection between the expected value of a security and its market price. This use of the expected value is based on the Law of Large Numbers, which is a statement about what happens when a game is repeated over and over and over again. If a game can be repeated many times, good luck and bad luck tend to wash out. [Details...]

International Economics - Interactive Tutorial

36. Exchange Rate Model

The Exchange Rate Model is a descriptive graphical model of international exchange markets. The objective is to explain the slope of the supply function of foreign exchange. One expects supply functions to be upward sloping and this demonstration explains how events in the product market lead to this result. [Details...]

37. Trade Equilibrium

The one-country international trade equilibrium model includes community indifference curves (denoted CIC, suggested to show demand) to reveal preferences in consumption and production possibilities frontiers (PPF) with increasing opportunity costs in production. [Details...]

38. Economics General - International Economics

Resources on international economics, from trade and protection, to currency and balance of payments issues. [Details...]

Labor and Demographic Economics - Interactive Tutorial

39. Economics General - Wages

Collection of online explanations, articles, question banks, etc in the field of labor economics. [Details...]

Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - Interactive Tutorial

40. Money Market

The equilibrium in the money market reflects the simultaneous interaction of the supply of and, the demand for, money. In this model, the supply of money is set by the FED and, the demand for money comprises both the speculative and transactions demand for money. [Details...]

41. Simple Macro Model

The parameters here provide a large number of possible solutions to the model and demonstrate important aspects of the macro theory. Select a set of parameters for the baseline and, then change some of the assumptions to examine the impacts of an alternative scenario. [Details...]

42. Economics General - Macroeconomics. Intro

Listing of resources including articles, tutorials, and sample questions etc introducing basic ideas and schools of thought in Macroeconomics. [Details...]

43. Economics General - AD and AS Model

Resources explaining the aggregate demand and supply model, from tutorials, to sample questions and presentations. [Details...]

44. Economics General - Government policy

Tutorials, worksheets, articles, and sample questions, explaining the role of government in the economy. [Details...]

45. Economics General - Macroeconomic controversies

Tutorials, articles, worksheets, etc dealing with macroeconomic issues like inflation, unemployment, fiscal and monetary policy, etc. [Details...]

46. American Currency Exhibit

This tutorial contains many images of American currency, going as far back as 1776. Eras represented by these images include: Independence; Westward Expansion; Civil War; Industrial Revolution; Metal Standards; National Stability; and World Standard. [Details...]

47. Macro-Equilibrium

Equilibrium in the goods market may be graphically depicted using a simple macro-model of the relationship between income(Y) and aggregate expenditure(AE), where AE appears on the vertical axis and Y is on the horizontal axis. Equilibrium is depicted as the point where aggregate expenditues (AE) equal income (Y) or, where the AE function crosses the 45-degree line. [Details...]

48. Market Shocks

An interactive discussion on the market adjustment process in the presence of demand and supply shocks. [Details...]

49. IS-LM Model

The IS-LM model depicts the causes and consequences of simultaneous equilibria within the product market and the money market. A graphical system visually demonstrates how an equilibrium level of income established in the product market interacts with the equilibrium rate of interest determined in the money market. [Details...]

50. Macroeconomic Phenomena in the AD/AS Model

Interactive tutorial on the interactions of Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply [Details...]

51. Arbitrage Model

The direction of trade is crucial in currency arbitrage. Use this page to enter some exchange rates below and see a graph of the TPF for the dollar and the pound with arbitrage profit as demonstrated from the slopes of the TPF. [Details...]

52. The Story of Money

A tutorial with many pictures of money in its various forms over time. Sections include: Barter; Common products as money; Value in use, value in exchange; Money simplifies trade; Money takes many shapes; Early coins; Paper money; Banking evolves; Commerce in the colonies; Early American money; After the Revolution; U.S. banks and money; The Civil War era; Progress and problems; The Fed and afterwards; Price stability: Goal of the Fed [Details...]

Market Structure - Interactive Tutorial

53. Supply and demand Overview

Students are expected to gain an appreciation of the interaction of supply and demand. The behavior of producers is reflected in the upward sloping supply function and, consumer behavior is depicted with the downward sloping demand curve. A set of parameters may be used to specify shifts in these functions and, their impacts lead to different market outcomes. The following list enumerates several specific subsidiary goals of this section: determination of equilibrium price and quantity; factors that shift the curves and; the consequences of changes in supply and demand on equilibrium price and quantity. [Details...]

54. Tutoial on Equilibrium analysis

In many aspects of economic analysis, we tend to assume that a condition of equilibrium exists with respect to key economic variables. Common examples include different models of market behavior known as Supply and Demand analysis. This tutorial helps to illuminate different concepts associated with the equilibrium analysis. [Details...]

55. Market Equilibrium in the Long Run

Interactive tutorial on Long Run market equilibrium [Details...]

56. Changes in Supply Demand and market equilibrium

Interactive tutorial on the Price adjustment mechanism and how that affects the market equilibrium [Details...]

Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - Interactive Tutorial

57. Tutorial: Probability Density Functions

Discussion with graphs on Binomial, Exponential, Standardised Normal and Poisson Distribution. [Details...]

58. Java component for mathematics: Simple Graph

SimpleGraph is a configureable applet that shows the graph of a function and, optionally, marks a point on the graph. If there is a point, then the user can control its x-coordinate either by adjusting a slider at the bottom of the applet or by entering the x-coordinate in an input box. [Details...]

59. SimpleGraph

SimpleGraph is a configureable applet that shows the graph of a function and, optionally, marks a point on the graph. If there is a point, then the user can control its x-coordinate either by adjusting a slider at the bottom of the applet or by entering the x-coordinate in an input box. [Details...]

60. EpsilonDelta

This applet is designed to help users understand the epsilon/delta definition of a limit. The question is whether the limit as x approaches a of a function, f(x), is limit to L. [Details...]

61. Java components for Mathematics: Animated graph

The MutliGraph applet can show the graphs of several functions. The functions can, optionally, depend on parameters that are controlled by sliders at the bottom of the applet. (This is similar to the FamiliesOfGraphs applet, except that it can handle more than one function and it is possible to have no parameters at all.) The default is to have a single function input and no parameters. [Details...]

62. Java components for Mathematics:Multigraph

This interactive tutorial allows a user to investigate parameterized families of graphs by varying the value of one or more parameters. [Details...]

63. Java component for mathematics: Evaluator

The Evaluator applet lets the user enter values for one or more variables, and it displays the values of one or more expressions that depend on those variables. The display is updated continuously. If no applet params are specified, then there is one variable, named "x", and one expression, "log2(x)". [Details...]

64. Math Skills for Introductory Economics

This site provides two lessons: 1. Introduction to Graphs, and 2. Linear and Nonlinear Relationships. Each lesson also has a set of test questions and answers for self testing. [Details...]

65. Tutorial: Graphing

Interactive tutorial on how to graph linear and polynomial equations [Details...]

66. Discounting Future Income and Present Value

[Details...]

Production and Firm Behavior - Interactive Tutorial

67. Cost Function

Click on a point on the total cost function to see more about how to visualize and quantify unit costs (AC and MC) from the total cost function. [Details...]

68. Production Possibilities and Opportunity Cost

Explains the concept of opportunity cost through a graph of production possibilities. You are able to use various examples to create a graph of your own. [Details...]

69. Cost Functions

Click on Lesson 2. This site explains Average fixed costs and average variable costs through graphical illustrations and movies showing the transformations.This tutorial is designed to teach about a very important part of Principles of Microeconomics, the cost functions! These functions are designed to help students understand the costs of production from different perspectives:; cost per unit versus total cost; explicit vs. implicit cost; deriving fixed, variable and total cost per unit; deriving average fixed, average variable and average total cost per unit; understanding and creating graphs for all the cost curves. [Details...]

70. Tutorial on Long-Run Production

Introductory discussion on long run production with interactive tutorials. [Details...]

71. Comparative Advantage

The linear production possibilities frontier is shown to be a restraint/constraint and, it explains scarcity and quantitatively defines opportunity cost. The model assumes there are two goods, a fixed resource endowment and a known level of technological expertise in production. [Details...]

72. Tutorial on Production Possibility Frontier

This page describes the concept of production possibility frontiers with interactive tutorials. [Details...]

73. Economics General - Firms

Resources on firm theory and behavior, ranging from tutorials to sample questions and presentations. [Details...]

74. Tutorial: A Producer Optimum

[Details...]

75. Lemonade Stand

This applet allows you to control all aspects of your Lemonade Stand, from pricing, to quality control, to purchasing your necessary inventory, all while dealing with unpredictable weather, picky customers, and inventory wastes. [Details...]

76. Tutorial:Profit Maximisation

Discussion of the problem of Profit maximisation with interactive tutorials. [Details...]

77. Tutorial: Production Possibilities and the Opportunity Cost

Interactive tutorial on how changes in production conditions or opportunity costs shift the Production Possibility Frontier. [Details...]

78. Cost Concepts

This tutorial introduces economics concepts of total cost, fixed cost, variable cost, and marginal cost. Firms use these cost concepts for pricing and output decisions. These concepts form the basis for much of cost accounting. [Details...]

79. Marginal Cost and the Output Rate Under Competition

[Details...]

80. Marginal Cost and the Output Rate Under Competition

This tutorial shows how, in theory, a business firm in a competitive industry can use the marginal cost concept developed in the previous tutorial to decide how much to produce and sell. [Details...]

81. A firm's Long Run average cost curve

A short description and depiction of a Long Run Average Cost Curve. [Details...]

82. Average Cost

This tutorial discusses average cost, gives some typical uses of the average cost concept, and shows the distinction between average cost and marginal cost. [Details...]

83. Cost Concepts

This tutorial introduces economics concepts of total cost, fixed cost, variable cost, and marginal cost. [Details...]

Public Economics - Interactive Tutorial

84. National Budget Simulation

This simple simulation should give you a better feel of the trade-offs which policy makers need to make in creating federal budgets and dealing with deficits. This simulation asks you to adjust spending and tax expenditures in the the 2004 budget proposed by the White House in order to achieve either a balanced budget or any other target deficit. [Details...]

85. Economic Policy Tools

Interactive tutorial on Economic Policy: To achieve the economic goals of low unemployment and stable prices, the Congress and the President can use two fiscal policy instruments, government spending and taxation to affect real GDP and the price level. In addition, the Federal Reserve can use three monetary policy instruments, open market operations and changes in the discount rate and required reserve ratio to change real GDP and the price level. [Details...]

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